The repetition calculation was avoided by using the total exchange area to describe the radiant heat transfer in the furnace.
模型的炉膛辐射热交换部分采用了全交换面积的概念，有效减少了重复计算。
The total heat-transfer area is taken, as an objective function to analyse the optimal performance of an irreversible Carnot refrigerator.
本文以总传热面积为目标函数，对不可逆卡诺制冷机进行优化分析。
The total heat-transfer area is taken, as an objective function to analyse the optimal performance of an irreversible Carnot refrigerator.
本文以总传热面积为目标函数，对不可逆卡诺制冷机进行优化分析。
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