The failure of the powder metallurgy valve seat was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction.
采用力学、物理性能测试，金相、扫描电镜、能谱和X衍射分析研究了气门座圈产品失效的主要原因。
METHODS The powder X ray diffraction analysis was used by spectrum X ray diffraction analysis. The characteristic marked peaks of talcum was found for identification.
方法应用粉末X射线衍射方法，对取自我国主要滑石产区的药用滑石粉样品进行衍射研究（衍射图谱分析及特征标记峰鉴别）。
If they have the X-ray powder diffraction patternsof materials, even if being non-expert on X-ray crystal structure, they can conveniently get the index of diffraction lines and cell parameters.
对于非专业X 射线晶体结构人员，只要得到材料衍射图谱后，能很方便计算点阵常数和衍射线指标化。
The obtained products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
合成产物用粉未衍射（XRD）X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微（SEM）表征。
The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) were used to characterize the products.
用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE - sem)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对产物进行了表征。
The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) were used to characterize the products.
用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE - sem)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对产物进行了表征。
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