在理解嗅觉的生物学和化学性质方面已经有了重大进展，但许多基本问题仍有待回答。
Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered.
鸟有敏感的视力，而狗有敏锐的嗅觉。
熊猫有非常敏锐的嗅觉。
兰赛特说，这些研究相对嗅觉有更广泛的内涵。
These studies have wider implications than smell, Lancet says.
他们和我们一样有相同的五个生理感官(也就是说，他们有视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉)。
They have the same five physiological senses (i.e., they see, hear, smell, taste, and touch) that we do.
嗅觉阈值减少是有潜伏期的，他解释道，这意味着孩子们没有感觉到什么变化，但在测试结果中会显示异常。
The smell-threshold reduction was “preclinical,” he explains, meaning the children wouldn’t notice the change but it could be picked up with testing.
一个新的研究表明，人类的偏好已经大大改变了结构和品种的狗的立场某些脑，有可能改变他们的行为和嗅觉的表现不错。
A new study suggests that human preferences have dramatically altered the structure and position of the brain in certain dog breeds, potentially modifying their sense of smell and behavior as well.
鱼并不都是以相同的方式让水在自己的鼻孔中进出的，但嗅觉敏锐与否的关键在于鱼是不是有能力让水快速通过自己的嗅觉感受器官。
Not all fish move water in and out through these nares in quite the same ways, but key to a strong sense of smell for fish is the ability to move water rapidly over these sensory pads.
嗅觉阈值减少是有潜伏期的，他解释道，这意味着孩子们没有感觉到什么变化，但在测试结果中会显示异常。
The smell-threshold reduction was “preclinical,” he explains, meaning the children wouldn't notice the change but it could be picked up with testing.
譬如在处理嗅觉信息时，并不是所有的工作都由大脑来承担。鼻神经元似乎也承担了部分工作——鼻腔好象自己有自己的小脑一样。
Instead of the brain processing all scent information, for instance, it seems nasal neurons preprocess some of it—almost as if the nose has its own small brain.
如果说有一些气味是闻过一次之后就能在嗅觉神经上打下清晰深刻难以磨灭的印记的话，广藿香毫无疑问是其中的一员。
If there are smells that have an aura of particular time and place indelibly ingrained in their olfactory image, patchouli is certainly one of them.
味道大多是觉察到气味的结果，因此菜谱强调当有嗅觉障碍时的正常感官——香味、质感和温度感。
Taste is mostly a result of odor detection, so the recipes emphasize spice, texture and temperature, sensations that remain unimpaired even when smell malfunctions.
她们可以用嗅觉分辨出伴侣是否有吸烟，喝酒，或喷香水诸如之类的事情。
Women can smell whether a companion smoked a cigarette, or sipped wine, wearing perfume or not and many others.
多尔曼指出，例如大鼠鼻腔有一半的面积附有嗅细胞，而对于人类来说，这种嗅觉接收区就小得多，他说——“也就鼻腔的3% - 5%吧。”
For instance, Dorman notes that half of the nasal cavity of a rat is lined with olfactory-system cells. In humans, this receptive area is much smaller, he says - "only about 3 to 5 percent."
动物拥有更敏锐的感官被详尽的记录着，狗有非同寻常的嗅觉，鸟可以依据天空的情况进行迁徙，蝙蝠利用声波定位食物。
The fact that animals have keener senses than humans is well-documented. Dogs have a remarkable sense of smell, birds can migrate using celestial cues, and bats can locate food with echoes.
动物拥有更敏锐的感官被详尽的记录着，狗有非同寻常的嗅觉，鸟可以依据天空的情况进行迁徙，蝙蝠利用声波定位食物。
The fact that animals have keener senses than humans is well-documented.Dogs have a remarkable sense of smell, birds can migrate using celestial cues, and bats can locate food with echoes.
有一点十分明显：很多动物的嗅觉要远远优于人类。
It's certainly clear that many animals' sense of smell is far superior to humans'.
年轻人中仅有1%到2%受到影响，而超过55岁的有四分之一、超过80岁的将近三分之二的人嗅觉减退。
Whereas only 1 percent to 2 percent of young people are affected, a quarter of those over 55 and nearly two-thirds of those over 80 have a diminished sense of smell.
Jerry这种微小的气味变化被有敏感嗅觉记忆的夫人捕捉到。
But in Jerry's case the odor was so subtle that it took the exquisitely sensitive olfactory memory of his wife to pick up the change.
研究团队对1000名志愿者进行了长达4年的研究，让他们依靠自己的嗅觉分别12个标本的气味，在这4年期间，有321人死亡，占到总数的27.6%。
The team gave more than 1, 000 volunteers a standard 12 item smell test and then followed them for four years.
在他们的早期工作中，这个团队使用了一种被称为嗅觉比率的参数当作衡量物，以衡量鸟类的嗅觉有多敏锐。
As in the earlier work, the team used a parameter called the olfactory ratio as a proxy for how keen a bird's sense of smell is.
分别检测这些嗅觉神经元的反应，科研人员确定了蚊子对哪些人类的气味有反应。
By registering the responses of these olfactory neurons, Suer was able to determine which human odors the female malaria mosquito detects.
圣伯纳德种狗有优良的嗅觉。它们能闻到哪里有过人，然后跟踪他的踪迹。
Dogs like Saint Bernards have a good sense of smell. They can smell where people have been and can follow their trail.
许多动物有敏锐的视觉和听觉，还有一些动物嗅觉和触觉非常灵敏。
Some animals have very acute sense of sight or sound, while others may have sharp sense of smell and touch.
如果蚊子的嗅觉感受器对这种物质有反应，那么青蛙卵的电学特性将会改变并可被检测出。
If the mosquito receptors react to the compound, the electrical properties of the egg change in a measurable fashion.
人类鼻腔的屋顶，有一块面积如邮票大小被称之为“嗅上皮”的嗅觉器官。
The human nose contains a postage stamp-size smelling organ, called the olfactory epithelium, at the roof of the nasal cavity.
在训练中他一直在进球，显而易见，当进球机会出现的时候，他有一种天生的嗅觉。
He's been knocking the goals in during training already, it's clear that when it comes to scoring goals he's a natural.
由于嗅觉适应，你永远都不知道自己喷的香水有多香，在闻过几分钟之后，香味对你来说就散掉了80%。
Because of something called olfactory adaptation, you never know quite how strongly your fragrance smells either - after a few minutes of exposure to a smell, it becomes 80 percent less powerful.
由于嗅觉适应，你永远都不知道自己喷的香水有多香，在闻过几分钟之后，香味对你来说就散掉了80%。
Because of something called olfactory adaptation, you never know quite how strongly your fragrance smells either - after a few minutes of exposure to a smell, it becomes 80 percent less powerful.
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