Second, we prepared the pore-filling organic-inorganic hybrid proton exchange membranes.

Three dimensionally (3D)-ordered macroporous materials of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled BSA were prepared by means of colloidal crystal as template.

When these three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials have pore dimensions comparable to the wavelength of visible light, they are of interest as photonic band gaps and optical stop-bands.