If it were thermally connected to those surroundings, rather than isolated from them, that temperature difference would disappear-but the result would be to cool the surroundings slightly.

In some implementations, the tape base material is arranged between integrated circuit components (220, 230), with the carbon nanotubes making a conductive connection there between.

Changing the Angle and length of the bonds between germanium atoms also changed the energies required to kick their electrons into the conduction band.