It finds flashing at draining ditch and rain water opining. It can begin leveling with trowel after screeding.

Such as: load area and shape, strength of concrete, composition of concrete, depth of slab, load position ratio of reinforcement, punching shear reinforcement and scale effect.

If pile layout is reasonable to remove the possibility of punching failure , the thickness of piled raft can be simply determined under a certain reinforcement ratio.