Neonates, children who are seen in the early stages of the disease, and those with an altered immune response may have normal laboratory study results and no fever or constitutional symptoms.

Secondary outcomes were time to first occurrence of normal temperature (fever clearance), time without fever over 24 hours, fever associated symptoms, and adverse effects.

Progressive symptoms of fever, headache, lower back pain, chest tightness and high blood pressure led the doctor to diagnose that Southall had been stung by an Irukandji jellyfish.