The external dimensional design, face venting pattern design, compound formulation design of tire curing bladder as well as the manufacture & use of bladders both at home and abroad are presented.

Much research work on active vibration control has been performed. However, the study on optimization of collocation and size of piezoelectric sensor and actuator is an ongoing research issue.

The dimensional stability of homemade polyimide film is far lower than that of overseas electro-thermal film. Improvement should be on the chemical structure, manufacturing technique and equipment.