The second part analyses the status quo of the legal functions of law enforcement administration in urban management and pointed out the main problems and the reasons for these problems.

The chengguan are a secondary security force employed to take pressure off the police by enforcing regulations, but are widely feared for their heavy-handedness.

Hardly a week goes by without a new controversy involving the municipal officers, a rung below the police, beating an unlicensed hawker or smashing a street vendor's stand.