From the adoption of modern rules in the 15th century, to world championships and computer matches, chess has become not just a game, but also an art, science and sport.

However, Wittgenstein and Gadamer respectively created the notion of "language-game" and "art-game" in western modern aesthetics.

Facing with an era of spiritual darkness, some of the young generation artists have chosen to escape to commercial cartoons, aestheticism and post-modern games.