DATA SYNTHESIS: Therapeutic methods of diabetes included mainly drug treatment, injection of insulin, pancreatic stem cell transplantation and islet stem cell transplantation.

Study SELECTION: The articles of pancreatic stem cell or islet stem cell transplantation for diabetes were selected, while those with repetitive study were excluded.

Objective to study the effect of combined transplantation of pancreatic islets and hepatocytes on the treatment of diabetic rats and the possibility on hepatocytes inducing islet allograft tolerance.