Conclusions: Transureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

Conclusion: Ureteroscopy with holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for upper ureteral calculi is more effective than ESWL.

Conclusion the Holmium laser treatment of ureter calculi by ureteroscopy is an effective and safe technique, and has the advantages as minimally invasion and low incidence of complication.