And they are looking ahead to countries not yet integrated into the global consumer-goods supply chain, such as Brazil and Kenya.

他们也在关注还未被整合到全球消费品供应链中的国家，例如巴西和肯尼亚。

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By contrast, VAT is a tax which, although applying to each transaction in a supply chain, effectively only taxes the final price paid by the end-consumer.

与此不同，增值税虽然也对各个交易环节征收，但是实际上税负是由最终的消费者来负担的。

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While trying to weather a downturn in consumer spending by streamlining its global supply chain and flattening management, Nike has remained relatively resilient during the slump.

虽然通过精简全球供应链及实现扁平化管理来应对消费额的减少，耐克在危机中还是表现出了较强的应变能力。

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In contrast to the consumer-driven auto business, industries that involve only business-to-business transactions in the supply chain will be relatively unaffected by the Sino-Japan political strains, Francis Bassolino, managing director for Alaris, told the Shanghai FCC lunch.

FORBES: Fallout From Sino-Japan Political Tension Could Hurt Japanese Auto Sales In China For Years

And while that is good for the consumer, it tends to result in margin pressure across the supply chain as the vendor needs to trim costs in order to maintain their margins.

FORBES: Apple's Future Is In Plastics?

The government pitched the further opening of retail as a way to improve India's supply chain, increase consumer choice, and help farmers.

WSJ: India Shelves Retail Reforms