Beneath this active layer is a second layer called "permafrost", which is frozen all year around, and is impermeable to water.

在这一活跃层下面，是被称为“多年冻土”的第二层，终年冻结，不透水。

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There're two reasons for this: first, they live in the active layer, which, remember, contains water that doesn't penetrate the permafrost.

造成这种情况的原因有两个：首先，它们生活在活动层中，请记住，活动层中包含的水不会渗透永久冻土。

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There are a lot of active measures to protect permafrost adopted in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, of which an effective one is awning.

在青藏铁路和青藏公路的施工建设中，许多主动保护冻土的措施已经被采用，遮阳板就是其中有效的降温措施之一。

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