The author holds that business earnings, taking protective measures for money capital as a basic point, should include holding income and net profit after tax.

作者认为，立足所有者或企业，并以货币资本保全为基点，企业的收益是包括持产收益的税后净利。

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Net Operating Profit After Tax.

是赢利在税以后。

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EVA is the balance found by deducting the cost of capital from the net operating profit after tax.

EVA是经过调整后的税后经营净利润扣除全部资金成本后的余额。

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Considering continuation of low employment costs and minimal net interest expense profit margins pre-and-after tax hang in.

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