Surgical options for end-stage ankle arthritis include below-knee amputation, ankle arthrodesis, and total ankle arthroplasty.

末期踝关节炎的手术治疗选择有：膝下截肢、关节融合术、及全人工踝关节置换术。

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An athlete all his life, Howard was a distance runner for the University of California, Irvine cross-country team before a diagnosis of osteosarcoma and amputation of his left leg just below the knee.

FORBES: Design A New Foot If The Shoe Does Not Fit -- Laser Sintering a Prosthetic Leg