Branded-goods groups must decide how much of the slump is cyclical and how much reflects a permanent change in consumer behavior.

名牌商品集团必须分成辨出，此轮市场萧条多大程度上是周期性现象，多大程度上反映了消费者行为的永久性改变。

youdao

Africa, the next frontier for branded consumer goods, poses similar challenges, with both firms starting mostly in similarly weak positions.

ECONOMIST: Consumer goods

Targeted advertising, which directly compares the quality of a branded product with a private-label rival, is also a short-term solution for consumer-goods companies, which are keen to remind their customers why paying more is a good idea.

ECONOMIST: Consumer goods in the recession