On the basis of the charge discreteness, the quantum fluctuations fo the charge, current and energy in the mesoscopic metal dual rings are calculated by the minimum shift operator.

基于电荷离散化的事实，运用最小平移算符的性质，计算介观金属双环系统中电荷、电流以及能量的量子涨落，研究影响量子涨落的因素。

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Based on the discreteness of electric charge, the influences of an external magnetic filed on the persistent current of the mesoscopic coupling metallic rings a re investigated.

在考虑电荷是量子化的基础上，研究了外加磁场对介观耦合金属环中持续电流的影响。

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Effect on area measurement due to dimensional and color (or gray) discreteness of CCD (charge couple device) is analyzed.

分析了电荷耦合器件(CCD)在空间和彩色(或灰度)的离散特性对面积测量的影响。

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