The techniques commonly adopted internationally to resolve engineering claims include deliberative assembly for dispute, mediation, and arbitration with constraint force.

国际上通常采用的解决工程索赔的技术有争端审议会、调解和具有约束力的仲裁。

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The simplest instance is ideal load of bilateral constraints, which means that there is only ideal constraint force during load.

变结构系统理想化处理的方法之一，是把变结构问题看成约束的加载或解除，其中最简单的情况是双面约束的理想加载。

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The real constraint will come over the next decade when the potential labour force starts to decline quite rapidly.

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