Since institutions in this case do not own the underlying assets in which they trade, systematic, credit and counterparty risk accrues directly to the asset holder.

由于金融机构并不拥有他们所交易、分类、信贷的交易标的资产，交易对手风险直接施加在资产所有者身上。

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Besides market risks, Goldman also assesses credit risks, based on whether a counterparty might default on a loan or fail to honour a derivative contract, and liquidity risk.

除了市场风险，高盛也评估业务相对方拖欠贷款或衍生合同违约所带来的信用风险，以及流动性风险。

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Gold, said the WGC, offers portfolio diversification since it lacks the credit and counterparty risk of other investments.

FORBES: WGC's Artigas: Gold Remains 'Under-Owned' Asset In Portfolios

Regulators and major brokerage houses have been pushing for a centralized clearing solution to eliminate counterparty credit risk in order to free up capital for lending.

FORBES: Magazine Article