Although mastodon mitochondrial DNA has been sequenced before, the researchers say they were the first to do the analysis on DNA from the cell nucleus - in this case, using material from a tooth.

尽管此前已完成了美洲乳齿象的线粒体dna测序，研究者表示他们还首次实现了对细胞核dna的测序-在本例中使用的材料来自牙齿。

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Bodily remains of Marie Antoinette maternal relatives allowed for genetic comparisons to the DNA in the heart using mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down from a mother to her children.

路易十七的母亲玛丽·安托瓦·内特的亲属允许利用线粒体d NA技术，把他的心脏dna和他母亲的遗物进行基因比对，而线粒体d NA是从母亲遗传给其子女。

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But a tiny amount - mitochondrial DNA accounts for less than 1% of all the DNA in a human body - would come from the donor of the mDNA.

但是，其中很少一部分——占人体中所有DNA不到1%的线粒体dna——会来自mDNA的捐赠者。

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In addition, the finished baby will effectively contain DNA from three people - its mother, father, and a tiny amount of mitochondrial DNA from the donor which is retained.

BBC: Gene technology

Mitochondrial DNA passes unchanged from mother to child, making it useful to trace maternal lineage.

CNN: DNA provides clues to family's African heritage

Mitochondrial DNA is much more prone to oxidative damage (due to its nudity) than genomic DNA (11).

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