It impacts not only cities but also the network of social and ecological systems well beyond their borders.

这不仅对城市产生了很大的影响，对远超出其边界的社会和生态系统也影响深远。

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If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur.

WSJ: Concerned Scientists Reply on Global Warming

Economists still do not adequately capture ecological and social values when they plan new infrastructure or design water-trading systems.

ECONOMIST: Intelligent communication