In response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.

为此，小农制定了(事前)风险管理和(事后)风险应对战略。

youdao

For an individual's cost is subjective and ephemeral; it appears only ex ante, at the moment before the individual makes a decision.

一个人的成本是主观的，转瞬即逝。它只出现在事前，即在人作出决定之前。

youdao

In the supply chain, the problems in agency mainly involve the adverse selection caused by ex ante information asymmetry and moral hazard caused by ex post information asymmetry.

供应链中的委托代理问题主要包括由事前信息不对称引起的逆向选择问题和由事后信息不对称引起的道德风险问题。

youdao

The ex ante imbalance tends to be only a modest fraction of total market turnover.

ECONOMIST: Interventionist

While it is challenging to define precise triggers ex ante, we might be able to determine them in principle.

FORBES: We Need Smarter Regulation, Not More

The choice between an ex ante prohibition of certain conduct and an ex post, case-by-case review of complaints turns on the potential for efficiency justifications.

FORBES: Program Access Reform at the FCC: Are Exclusive Programming Deals a Good Thing?