退出障碍（exit barriers）包括：对顾客、债权人或雇员的法律和道义上的义务；由过分专业化或设备、技术陈旧引起的资产利用价值低；缺少可供选择的机会；高...
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Market exit barriers 市场退出壁垒
Formation of the exit barriers 退出壁垒的形成
The formation of exit barriers 退出壁垒的形成
barriers to exit 退出壁垒
Exit&shrinkage Barriers 退出与收缩障碍
Barriers to Entry & Exit 产业进入与退出障碍
The research on the entry and exit barriers is an important part of industrial economics.
进入与退出壁垒的研究是产业经济学的重要组成部分。
Second, analyzing on the exit barriers, we think it is the underdeveloped market system and social burden which increase the cost for enterprises to exit certain market.
其次，从退出壁垒角度分析，市场机制的不完善和企业的社会负担增加了企业的退出成本。
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