In order to analyze the non-repudiation and fairness properties under one frame, a set of first-order logic syntax and semantics for non-repudiation protocols was proposed, and a model was built.

为了将密码协议的非否认性和公平性统一在一个框架之下更好地进行分析，提出了一套适用于分析非否认性和公平性的一阶逻辑语法和语义。

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The two value weak model for first order logic with generalized quantifier Q is generalized to be valued in complete weak complemented lattices.

将带广义量词Q的一阶逻辑的二值弱模型推广到取值于完备弱可补格上。

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In order to formalize and verify the protocol, BZL logic model is built, which based on first-order logic and introduces many-sorted, dynamic and non-monotony logic.

为了形式化验证数字现金的安全性，本文在经典一阶逻辑的基础上，吸取了多类逻辑、动态逻辑和非单调逻辑的思想，提出了BZL逻辑模型。

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