The grain refinement rate of the ingots increases with the increase of ultrasonic application time.
随着超声处理时间的增加，铸锭的细化率急剧增加。
The results show that, increasing cooling rate, pre-deformation and grain refinement are useful for spreading of the non-equilibrium microstructure around the primary grains.
结果表明：增加冷却速率、预变形处理和晶粒细化有利于初始凝固组织中存在的非平衡组织的分散细化。
The main factors that affect the grain refinement are heating and cooling rate, holding time and cycle index.
影响细化效果的主要因素有：加热速度、保温时间、冷却速度和循环次数。
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