So, if we're talking about five different orbitals and we're talking about a ground state atom, we know that we just need to start at the bottom and work our way out up.

因此，如果我们要讨论的是，五个不同的轨道且是属于一个基态原子的话，我们知道，我们只需要从最低的轨道，开始一个一个往上找。

youdao

So every atom. Or even if it's a molecular crystal, every molecule, they're all in the ground state.

那么每个原子，或者说对于分子晶体，每个分子，他们都处于基态。

youdao

There is a stable ground state of the atom.

原子有一个稳定的基态。

youdao

So, if we're talking about five different orbitals and we're talking about a ground state atom, we know that we just need to start at the bottom and work our way out up.

因此，如果我们要讨论的是,五个不同的轨道且是属于一个基态原子的话，我们知道，我们只需要从最低的轨道,开始一个一个往上找。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So another way to say that is, in a sense, if we're thinking about the excited state of a hydrogen atom, the first excited state, or the n equals 2 state, what we're saying is that it's actually bigger than the ground state, or the 1 s state of a hydrogen atom.

换句话说，如果我们激发一个氢原子，第一激发态或者说ｎ等于２的态，我们说它比氢原子基态,或者说１ｓ态要大。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Once that is done, another laser pulse will jostle the virus from its ground state into an excited state, just as a single atom is excited by moving one of its electrons from a lower to a higher orbital.

ECONOMIST: An old thought experiment may soon be realised

Bombard an ordinary hydrogen atom with microwaves of the right frequency and you will lift it out of its ground state by flipping the spin of its electron.

ECONOMIST: Are matter and antimatter truly opposites?