High switching costs 转换成本高 High barriers of entry 进入壁垒高 Both explicit, but also corollary of winner take all 不仅显而易见,而且赢者必然通吃 ..
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In addition, the business has high barriers to entry. It takes time to build a good name; luxury is capital intensive; and about 70% of new brands fail.
此外,奢侈品行业入门槛颇高,并需要高度密集的资金;同时树立品牌耗时长,约70%的新品牌以失败告终。
These businesses require lots of technology, they have high barriers to entry, and they are capital-intensive.
这些生意要求很高的技术,准入门槛也高,而且是资金密集型行业。
On the contrary, if there are high barriers to entry and low contestability, incumbents will always abuse their market power and incur some kinds of efficiency losses.
如果市场进入壁垒很高,市场可竞争程度很低,在位厂商可以免受竞争的压力,因而往往滥用市场势力,造成种种效率损失。
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