So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones.

因而雪花覆盖层和冰粒层层堆积起来直到如此之大的厚度以致较上层的重量压缩较下层。

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Snow and ice normally reflects much of the sun's energy — up to 90 percent — back the way it came. But a layer of soot on top of the ice will absorb the sunlight, warm the ice beneath, and melt it.

雪和冰反射了大概超过90%左的太阳能量，然而，附着在冰层上方的烟尘，会加热下方冰层，将他们融化成水。

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All cars are equipped with special studded tyres that tear through the surface snow to bite into the thick layer of ice beneath to provide grip.

所有的赛车都将配备钉胎，这些钉子能够扎进雪面从而能够和深层积雪咬合以提供抓地力。

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Weight and time crush this snow into a thin layer of ice.

ECONOMIST: The South Pole as location and metaphor

This autonomous, solar-powered robot carries a ground-penetrating radar to study how snow accumulates, adding layer upon layer to the ice sheet over time.

ENGADGET: NASA's GROVER eco-rover to examine Greenland's ice sheet (video)

The bits of trapped air are now forever encapsulated inside tiny bubbles in the ice layer they tell climatologists what gases were in the air when the snow fell.

ECONOMIST: The South Pole as location and metaphor