Above the kernel, running in user mode, are the device drivers, each one running as a separate process tightly restricted by the memory management hardware to accessing only its own memory.

设备驱动处于内核之上，运行在用户态。每个驱动都作为单独的进程运行，受到内存管理硬件的严格约束，只能访问自己拥有的内存。

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According to the isolation positions of device drivers, the device driver framework can be classified into three types: kernel mode driver, user mode driver and virtual machine based driver.

目前，对设备驱动可靠性的研究着重于设备驱动与操作系统内核的有效分离，设备驱动框架按照驱动被隔离所处位置大致可分为内核态、用户态和虚拟机三种。

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Describes the physical hardware in the computer, the way device drivers use that hardware, and mappings and related data that link kernel-mode drivers with user-mode code.

描述在电脑中的实体硬体、装置驱动程序使用该硬体的方法，以及连结核心模式驱动程序和使用者模式程序码之对应和相关的资料。

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