The upgrading and refining facilities required to turn tar to oil cost billions of dollars, but the technology is tried and tested.

虽然需要将焦油砂转化为石油的升级和精炼设备成本高达数十亿美元，但这种技术仍在尝试和试验阶段。

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In order to reduce the oil refining loss and production cost, some effective measures should be adopted.

在生产中应采取相应措施对其进行有效控制，从而达到减小油脂精炼损耗，降低油脂生产成本的目的。

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The increase of inferior crude oil processing amount can reduce crude oil cost by a large margin so as to enhance economic benefit of refining enterprises.

增加劣质原油加工量，可大幅降低原油成本，提高炼油企业经济效益。

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Historically, gasoline has cost more than diesel, which is a byproduct of the oil refining process.

FORBES: America's Oil Export Problem (Yes, Export)

Namely, beyond foregoing the obvious benefits that come from value-added processing such as refining (gasoline sells a lot more per gallon than the cost of a gallon of crude oil), we are incurring secondary costs that impact, in part, the very environment that radical environmentalists are trying to protect.

FORBES: The Hidden Price Of Radical Environmentalism