Xinjiang was an important penal colony for 150 years after the Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.

清代新疆自乾隆朝统一之后的一个半世纪内，一直是重要的流放地。

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The first British settlement, a penal colony at Fort Jackson (now part of Sydney), was established in 788.

英国于788年在杰克逊堡（现悉尼一部分）建立第一块流放殖民者居住地。

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Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.

另一个国家是澳大利亚，因为美国不再是容纳罪犯和欠债者的国度了，澳大利亚就变成了一个惩治罪犯的殖民地。

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Britain would make empty Terra Australis a penal colony: his idea had finally won.

NPR: Excerpt: 'Natives and Exotics'

South Australia is the only Australian state not founded as a British penal colony.

ECONOMIST: Roma Mitchell

New South Wales, a state in southeast Australia, was founded by the British as a penal colony in 1788.

BBC: Australia��s penal colony roots