Socrates assumed the existence of "pre-existent essence" behind some phenomenon.

苏格拉底假定了某种现象背后的“先在本质”的存在。

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Schemata theory studies how to interpret a text by taking advantage of the reader's pre-existent knowledge.

图式理论主要研究读者如何运用“先存知识”来进行文本解读。

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Universal creationism - the doctrine or belief that the universe was created by God out of no pre-existent entity.

通用神创论-相信宇宙是上帝在没有预先存在实体的情况下创造出来的理论学说。

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To change or shift or accept feedback, there has to be a pre-existent condition of rapport between two people.

FORBES: Do You Rule With Claws and Teeth? Try Leading With Engagement Instead

Despite these impressive gains in primary and secondary education, most Bahraini children, particularly those from poor families, still have limited access to comprehensive and quality early childhood education (ECE) due to: poverty and limited State investment in or support of ECE programmes (in fact, comprehensive early education programmes are non-existent in the country) and the fact that child participation in pre-school classes is largely seen as a luxury.

UNESCO: The Mother-Child Home Education Programme (MOCEP)