CONCLUSION: the 4 kinds of individual changing trends in pretest-posttest design show the problem of the individual change can't be ignored when we analyze the data of pretest-posttest design.

结论：总结了前后测量设计资料个体生长趋势的4种情况，提示我们在分析前后测量设计资料时个体自然生长问题不容忽视。

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Then, it points out the whole procedure and the design of questions in the pretest and posttest.

随后详细描述了整个实验过程及前后测实验题目的设计。

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