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Since the financial crisis Japan has continued to accept financial instruments as collateral in order to pump money into the system, but has not bought the assets.

自金融危机开始以来，日本不断利用金融产品作为附属担保品向整个经济系统注入资金，但是之前从未购买过资产。

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When excess electricity is present in a system, it can be used to pump water up to a reservoir.

当系统中存在过剩电力，可以利用泵送水电系统将水抽到高位水库中。

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The former, arguably the US case, leads you to pump liquidity into the system holding the non-performing assets (the banks, in our case) until normal credit operations can resume.

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But it appears to be a catalyst-driven chemical system that releases both heat and gas in sufficient quantities to pump the wings up and down.

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Earlier this year, the government launched a new dollar auction system, which complements existing state-run currency channels, in a bid to pump more hard currency into the private sector, but economists have so far questioned how effective the mechanism will be in satisfying demand.

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