Third section: the application range of punitive damage.

第三章惩罚性赔偿的适用范围。

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First section: the history and meaning of punitive damage.

第一章惩罚性赔偿的历史沿革及其含义。

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But punitive damage awards often take years to resolve and can be cut down on appeal.

但是，惩罚性赔偿判决经常需要几年去解决，可能会降低诉求金额。

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The U.S. Chamber of Commerce says the courts need to establish clear standards for punitive damage awards, and that they must rein in abusive awards by juries.

FORBES: The $2.5 Billion Question

Punitive damage awards now require a unanimous jury verdict.

FORBES: Fact and Comment

BP, Transocean and Halliburton made similar requests Wednesday for Barbier to dismiss gross negligence and punitive damage claims against them, but the judge said he wasn't ready to rule on them at this stage of trial.

NPR: Claims Against BP Contractors Dismissed At Trial