Refraction of light gives the above results.

光的折射会产生上述的结果。

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Having one direction along which double refraction of light does not take place. Used of a crystal.

单轴晶体的有一个方向的，沿此方向不发生光的双折射。用于晶体。

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Due to the refraction of light rays, it is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact location of a star close to the horizon.

由光线光线会发生折射，因此用肉眼无法确定一颗接近地平线的星星的确切位置。

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The flash itself is actually a second image of the sun, caused by refraction of its light through the layer of air closest to the sea.

ECONOMIST: In a flash

This refraction eliminates both the red end of the spectrum (red light is not bent enough by the air layer to form part of the second image) and the blue frequencies (which are scattered away: this selective scattering is why the sky is blue).

ECONOMIST: In a flash