When a photon strikes the surface, it excites an electron to a higher energy level, which is specific to the material.

当光子照射到材料表面时，电子受到光子的激发由一个能级跳到更高的能级上，而这些能级对材料来说是特定的。

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By means of DSC, the results of investigation showed that the level of surface energy of flaked Ag powder was correlated with physical state.

通过示差扫描量热计(dsc)分析证明，片状银粉表面能量大小与粉末的物理状态有关。

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In the case of the limited level density of the material surface energy, the fracture stress and the calculation formula of the engineering damage were studied.

本文研究考虑损伤时材料的断裂应力，推导出了在表面能密度有限的情况下，损伤断裂应力的计算公式。

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So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.

光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This decreased level of reflectivity, or albedo, allowed the surface to absorb more energy from the Sun.

BBC: Human activities have left a visible mark on the Arctic