Trump's personal businesses are organized as pass-through entities, which allowed him to benefit from tax mitigation, much of which was through loss carry-forward.

川普名下的企业也是直通实体，这已让他通过结转亏损的方法从减税政策中受益良多。

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Eighteen days later Mr Flowers had acquired a controlling interest in Enstar, a small firm in Alabama that had two big attractions: a stockmarket value beneath its cash holdings, and a tax-loss to carry forward.

ECONOMIST: Face value

The New Jersey Gross Income Tax Act does not follow federal law regarding carry-forward and carry-back losses and the loss on the 2008 New Jersey individual income tax return can only be netted against gains or income reported in the category Net gains or income from disposition of property.

FORBES: Madoff Investors Receive New Jersey Tax Refunds