Aiming at the uncertain networks, the shortest path problem with stochastic parameters is studied and the expected value model with constraints is constructed.

针对不确定网络，研究具有随机参数的最短路径问题，采用随机数表示路径权值的不确定性，建立有约束的期望最短路模型。

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This may be the best-known danger in derivatives dealing: everyone in the markets knows that if shares stop trading or the share prices become much more volatile than expected, an option's market value will differ from the model's valuation.

ECONOMIST: Blind faith