Faculty governance is one of the most traditional models in the west countries. It has a long history that dated from Paris University in the middle ages.

教授治校是西方大学的传统管理模式，有着悠久的历史，萌芽于中世纪的巴黎大学。

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"Personal carbon offsets are akin to indulgences sold by the Church in the Middle Ages," said Roger Pielke Jr, an expert on science policy from the University of Colorado in Boulder.

“个人碳抵消等同于中世纪教堂发售的赎罪券。”博尔德科罗拉多大学的科学政策专家罗杰·小皮尔克说。

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Since modern system of university was set up in Europe at Middle Ages, the social function of university have been expanding gradually.

自欧洲中世纪近代大学制度建立以来，大学的社会职能逐步拓展和延伸。

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The Tanzverbot was first established by the church and was later adopted by many city governments starting in the Middle Ages, said Wolfgang Kaschuba, director of the Institute for European Ethnology at Humboldt University in Berlin.

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