The methods of visual inspection, SEM, X-ray EDS, metallography and chemical composition analysis were adopted to research the rupture of flexible metal hose.

采用宏观检查、扫描电镜、X射线能谱、金相检验、化学成分分析等方法，对金属波纹软管开裂的原因进行分析。

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Metallography: Study of the structure of metals and alloys, particularly using microscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques.

金相学：研究金属与合金组织结构的学科，特别指采用显微镜和X射线衍射技术进行的这类研究。

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The structure of internal and Japan ones were studied by X ray and SEM. The grain distribution was statistically measured by quantitative metallography method.

通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对国内外铬酸镧电热元件的结构特征进行了分析，利用定量金相截线法对试样的晶粒尺寸分布进行了统计。

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