Using X ray crystallography, these properties are beginning to become understood, and the rules governing their adaptation to cold appear to be relatively diverse.

运用X射线的结晶学理论，这一特性已开始逐渐为人所知，且控制它们对低温适应能力的机制各不相同。

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In X-ray crystallography, scientists turn large quantities of a protein or virus into crystal form, placing it in front of an X-ray beam.

运用X射线晶体学，科学家将大量的蛋白质或者病毒转换成了晶体形式，将其置于一束X射线光束之前。

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The researchers froze one of the antibodies in the process of attaching to and neutralizing the virus, getting an atomic-level image in a process called X-ray crystallography.

研究人员在粘附和中和病毒过程中，冻住其中一个抗体，通过所谓X射线结晶学的过程得到原子水平的图像。

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"Using x-ray crystallography to obtain snapshots of the ribosome in action, they have been able to explain how the ribosome selects and couples together amino acids to form proteins."

VOA: standard.2009.10.07

It took advantage of X-ray crystallography that charted the precise three-dimensional structure of how Gleevec binds to Bcr-Abl.

FORBES: The Race Is On

X-ray crystallography experiments combined with computational simulations to examine the chemical reactions involved.

ECONOMIST: Biochemistry

X-ray crystallography is that it can be used on proteins of any size.

ECONOMIST: REPORT: PROTEOMICS: After the genome | The