Both infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that carboxylic acid groups have been introduced onto the carbon black surface.
红外光谱及X光电子能谱表明，臭氧氧化在碳黑表面引进了羧基基团。
These results are consistent with the results of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
这个结果与X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析结果是一致的。
The worn surfaces of the steel balls were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
用扫描电子显微镜(sem)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对钢球磨损表面进行了分析。
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