Crop maternal effect (m) is an important parameter in crop heredity and breeding, and can be determined from the difference between reciprocal crosses in F1 generation.

作物母体效应(M)是作物遗传育种中一重要参数。采用正反交f 1性状差异，测定出母体效应方差。

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The method of half-grain was applied in determining amylose content of F1 segregating generation and in studying of amylose accumulation of different types.

用半粒法测定不同组合F1植株所结籽粒直链淀粉的含量，对不同类型小麦在灌浆期直链淀粉含量的动态积累进行了研究。

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U.S. driver Alexander Rossi will remain the second team reserve, but will take over Ma's seat in the GP2 championship -- which is the official feeder F1 series for the next generation of drivers.

CNN: Kovalainen returns to help Caterham F1