The analytical expressions for the phase and group velocities of the axial optical field, accelerating potential and energy gain etc. are derived and are used to make numerical analysis.

给出了轴上光场的相速度和群速度、加速电位及电子能量增益等的解析表达式，并作了数值计算和分析。

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Mass spectrometry works by evaporating molecules, giving them an electric charge, and then applying an electric field to them and accelerating them through a vacuum chamber to a detector.

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These tablets have proven their usefulness in many companies under many different conditions, from sales enablement, field service, meetings, accelerating internal processes and more.

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