Risk evaluation in hostage negotiation refers to the basic assessment to the real situation before the actual negotiation and scheme design when the police reach the spot of hostage kidnapping.

人质谈判中的风险评估就是指当警方赶到人质劫持现场后，在展开谈判工作和设计谈判方案前，指挥者对此次劫持事件做一个基本的风险评估。

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Using the debt ceiling as a hostage in a negotiation was unthinkable before 2011.

FORBES: Our Politics Has Become A Series Of Insane Stunts

And he will not engage in a negotiation with Congress that as some advocates of this themselves have described as a hostage situation -- a hostage situation that would result, as it did in the summer of 2011, in great harm to this economy and great harm to American businesses and great harm to average Americans.

WHITEHOUSE: Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney,