This system can still apply extensively in the automatic detection of channel, river, reservoir and lakes ice layer thickness change.

该系统还可广泛应用于渠道、河流、水库和湖泊冰层厚度变化的自动检测中。

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Progressive freeze concentration concentrates solute of liquid phase by means of the ice layer moving from one side of vessel to the other side.

渐进冷冻浓缩利用冰层从容器的一端向另一端成长而使液相溶质浓缩。

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The heat budget analysis shows that the heat loss during night caused by the radiation cooling effect is compensated by heat transferred from the inner ice layer to the ice surface.

冰面热量收支计算表明，夜间冰面辐射冷却损失热量主要由冰层向冰面热量输送来补偿。

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Above-freezing temperatures also led to overflow along the trail, a potentially dangerous situation where water has pushed up through the ice and refrozen, creating a weak top layer of ice that teams and mushers can break through.

NPR: 53-Year-Old Musher Becomes Oldest Iditarod Champ

Weight and time crush this snow into a thin layer of ice.

ECONOMIST: The South Pole as location and metaphor

In a section on water in outer space we learn that there is a lake-size layer of ice on the moon's south pole, that Mars once had rivers, that there is steam in the sun's atmosphere.

FORBES: The Story Of Eau