真实汇率实际上可以分为外部真实汇率(External Exchange Rate)和内部真实汇率(Internal Exchange Rate)(Hinkle and Nsengiyumva, 1999)。
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RMB internal real exchange rate 人民币内向实际汇率
French and German exporters at least agreed on a more modest goal: a single currency to end exchange-rate risks within the internal market, including competitive devaluations.
法德两国的出口商至少就一初步目标达成一致:在内部市场中利用统一货币消除汇率风险,包括竞争性贬值在内。
Owing to the change of internal and external economy surrounding, "Super-fixed" exchange rate in China already influences our country's economy.
由于国内外经济环境的变化,我国“超稳定”的汇率已经给我国经济带来一些负面影响。
Even if a floating exchange rate is used to achieve external balance, this still leaves the problem of achieving internal balance.
浮动汇率即使是用来实现外部平衡,还有许多有待实现内部平衡的问题。
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