abstract:From 1700 to 1720, the Kingdom of Sardinia, as a part of the Spanish empire, was disputed between two dynasties, the Habsburgs and the Bourbons. With the death of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs, on 1 November 1700, the throne passed to Duke Philip of Anjou (Philip V), although the Emperor Leopold I also had a claim.
Designated as aprotectorateof the Kingdomof Sardinia in 1815 by the CongressofViennaafterNapoleon"s defeat, Monaco"s sovereignty was confirmed by the Franco-Monegasque Treatyof 1861.